Posted on Wednesday, December 1, 2021

Simple Guidelines for Treating Low Back Pain

Did you know that low back pain (LBP) affects nearly 80% of the US population at one time or another? It is one of the most prevalent medical conditions in the United States and one of the most common reasons why people miss work. However, in MOST cases, LBP is not a sign of a serious life-threatening condition. Only approximately 3% of serious pathology cases report low back pain as a symptom.

While most LBP is not serious, it can be very painful and have a significant impact on your mobility and quality of life. The good news is that you can follow simple guidelines to navigate an episode of LBP.

To safely self-treat your low back pain, first take a moment to assess your symptoms and pain level. What led to your pain and/or injury? Did the pain come on suddenly or slowly? Evaluate the severity of the injury. If you’re experiencing any of the following, please seek immediate medical attention:

Loss of bowel/bladder function.
Uncontrollable pain. The pain is so severe you cannot function or move.
You are losing muscle function or control. The muscles in the legs will no longer work. (This is different than pain preventing the muscle from working.) This sensation of paralysis occurs when the muscles will not actually function.
Significant loss of sensation in the leg or groin area. This is not a tingling sensation, but an actual loss of sensation. For example, you cannot feel the toilet paper when you wipe after using the toilet.
Onset of pain without any known mechanism for the injury. (Thoroughly consider your activity. Many times, a slow onset of pain begins several hours after performing an activity.)

Simple Guidelines for Treating Low Back Pain:

Opt for conservative care

Most episodes of LBP improve quickly with conservative care. Research has effectively shown that early intervention with physical therapy is more cost effective, improves long-term outcomes, and decreases downstream health care dollars spent in unnecessary imaging and treatments. Unfortunately, the longer persistent LBP is ignored, the more fearful a person can become. This fear leads to decreased mobility which only makes the episode worse.

Surprising to many, but imaging does not correlate well to the causes of LBP. Worse, it often induces fear. The use of imaging is to rule things out. Negative imaging is good news! If your symptoms don’t match what is found on imaging, then more than likely that is not the cause of the pain you are feeling.

Keep moving

Exercise and movement in all directions is safe and healthy for the spine, even when it hurts! If you have LBP, move. If it is painful, modify and try moving again.

When your back hurts, aim for neutral posture to minimize any strain. Spine posture during sitting, standing, and lifting does not predict LBP or its persistence very well. However, improper posture in sitting, standing, and lifting can increase shearing, torsion, and loading on structures. Avoid putting an excessive load on irritated tissues which can certainly exacerbate an already sore back.

Fortunately, most LBP is mechanical–meaning it is from a physical or structural cause and isn’t related to conditions such as cancer or infections. Most LBP will have a directional preference for extension. A majority of injuries occur when performing a forward biased (flexed movement) like chronic slouching or a spinal flexion biased movement. For discussion purposes, I will be addressing an extension biased program.

With mechanically driven low back pain, you should be able to alter and change your LBP within a short period of time. First, establish a directional preference by identifying a pattern to the pain. Does the pain get worse when you bend over or does it improve? What happens when you repeat this movement?

Determine how your pain responds. If it spreads away from the spine and down into the leg, beware that you are moving in the wrong direction. Stop that particular movement, and instead try flexion biased movements. In my experience, most episodes of LBP tend to respond better to extension biased movements. If flexion or extension doesn’t help or change the pain in any way, then you may need assistance from a medical provider.

The rule of thumb for movement: If the pain worsens by spreading peripherally down the buttock and into the leg and/or foot, then the condition is worsening. We must stop that activity. If the pain centralizes and returns back toward the spine (even if the pain worsens slightly), then keep moving as the condition is actually improving.

Strengthen your core muscles

Your core is likely not what you think it is. Weak abs do not cause LBP. However, poorly coordinated pelvic musculature can precipitate and perpetuate LBP. Stop performing sit ups and start learning how to truly activate and strengthen the muscles of the inner core. Watch now as I describe what really the “core” is and why it matters. CLICK HERE

Constant low back pain can result from chemical inflammation to sensitized or damaged tissues. Intermittent pain is more often mechanical. Understand that medications are useful for helping reduce chemical inflammation, but addressing mechanical factors as well will lead to a quicker (and long term) recovery in most cases.

Unfortunately, low back pain will re-occur almost 90% of the time. To ensure a complete recovery from an episode and to help prevent re-occurring episodes, address other contributing areas such as the upper back (thorax) and your hip mobility. Typically, there is weakness in the deep stabilizing muscles known as the multifidus muscles. In the presence of LBP, these muscles will reflexively shrink, weaken, and lose function. Without proper rehabilitation, the muscles will not fully recover. This increases the risk of future episodes because the spine no longer has the ability to stabilize itself normally. Not all “core” work is created equally, so the strength of these muscles should be addressed.

Be as active as you can

Don’t stop moving, but avoid exercises that make your back hurt more. Typically, this includes flexion biased movements like sit ups. It’s important that you remain as active as you can. You may need to taper down certain activities that you know will increase your pain. This typically would be activities involving heavy loading of the spine such as squats with weight, deadlifts, and other activities that may cause forward flexion (particularly, under a load).

As you are able, continue to work on cardiovascular conditioning and core muscle activation (particularly, the lumbar extension exercises). Lift weights if you are able. Refer to the rule of thumb for movement (the concept of peripheralization and centralization). If your pain progresses from the area of the injury into your leg, then you need to stop that activity. If the pain remains constant or is progressing out of the leg, then continue with the activity as you are helping the body to heal.

Developing adequate strength in the lumbar extensor muscles and core musculature is the primary way to prevent initial episodes and to prevent re-occurring episodes of LBP. Research clearly indicates that the right targeted exercises are the most effective way to manage LBP.

If you’re not sure how to effectively and safely exercise your back or if you’re already experiencing low back pain, be sure to check out my Treating Low Back Pain (LBP) during Exercise and Athletics Book and Video Package. USE DISCOUNT CODE LBP AT CHECKOUT FOR 15% OFF!

For the approximate price of just one co-pay to see a doctor, you will receive my easy to read book with step-by-step instructions and a complete video package designed to help you prevent and self-treat re-occurring low back pain episodes.

If you have a question that you would like featured in an upcoming video or blog post, please comment below or submit your question to contact@thePhysicalTherapyAdvisor.com. In case you haven’t already, be sure to subscribe to my e-mail list and YouTube channel as well as join our community on Facebook by liking The Physical Therapy Advisor!

Posted on Wednesday, February 17, 2021

Fitness Exercise Won’t Help Your Low Back Pain

It’s estimated that approximately 82.1 million adults in the United States spend an estimated $28.6 billion on gym memberships each year! Now combine that staggering number with the estimated $50 billion dollars plus spent annually on back pain related issues. Even with the general fitness craze we have seen over the past years, low back pain (LBP) remains one of the most prevalent medical conditions treated in the United States and throughout the western world. It affects nearly 80% of the U.S. population at one time or another. It’s one of the top reasons for physician visits and one of the most common reasons for missed work days.

With so many active individuals and crazy fitness trends you would think that all of this exercise would actually help reduce low back pain, right? Wrong…It turns out that not all exercise (and especially, not all “core” exercise) is created equally.

It’s time to address how to safely self-treat your low back pain through movement and exercise as well as some helpful methods for a speedy recovery. (Not to mention, possibly saving you time and money by avoiding a physician visits for pain you can manage safely and independently with a little instruction.)

Loss of bowel/bladder function.
Uncontrollable pain. The pain is so severe you cannot function or move.
You are losing muscle function or control. The muscles in the legs will no longer work. (This is different than pain preventing the muscle from working.) This sensation of paralysis occurs when the muscles will not actually function.
Significant loss of sensation in the leg or groin area. This is not a tingling sensation, but an actual loss of sensation. For example, you cannot feel the toilet paper when you wipe after using the toilet.
Onset of pain without any known mechanism for the injury. (Thoroughly consider your activity. Many times, a slow onset of pain begins several hours after performing an activity.)

Although most LBP isn’t considered serious, the pain tends to re-occur. One major reason for this is that the deep stabilizing muscles known as the multifidus muscles reflexively shrink, weaken, and lose function. Without proper rehabilitation, the muscles will not fully recover. This increases the risk of future episodes because the spine no longer has the ability to stabilize itself normally. Not all “core” work is created equally, so the strength of these muscles needs to be addressed.

How to Safely Self-Treat Low Back Pain:

Perform Press-ups

Once you have injured your back, immediately start press-ups. Perform this exercise with high repetitions and frequently throughout the day as long as the pain does not periperalize down the buttock and into the leg and/or foot. Lie on your stomach and perform 10-20 press-ups. Move slow and easy, but work your way up to full motion multiple times a day.

Perform Standing Back Extensions

After sitting, stand up and perform standing back extensions. Ideally, perform this exercise at least 10 repetitions each time you stand.

Activate the Multifidus

Start exercises to activate the multifidus muscles as soon as possible. Think spine extensor muscle activation. Again, perform this exercise frequently during the day after the initial injury. These Lumbar Extensor Exercises are designed to progressively activate the multifidus muscles (with the final exercise being the most challenging). Once the pain subsides and muscle function improves, more advanced lumbar extension strengthening and stabilizing exercises should be performed to decrease your risk of re-current low back pain.

Don’t Sit

Walking is critical to your recovery! It’s the number one way your spine receives nutrients and disposes of metabolic waste products. Walk frequently, and try to avoid any prolonged sitting.

If you Sit, Use Good Posture

Use a McKenzie Lumbar Roll to help insure a good lumbar curve. If you can’t sit comfortably, listen to your body and don’t sit! Be sure to stand up and walk every 20-30 minutes. Stand with good posture as well.

Stretch the Muscles of the Legs and Pelvis

Hip flexor and hamstring stretches can help to reduce muscle spasms and tightness throughout pelvis area when performed daily. Stretch for at least 30 seconds at a time, 2-3 times each session.

Be as Active as You Can

As you are able to, continue to work on cardiovascular conditioning and core muscle activation (particularly, the lumbar extension exercises). Basically stay as active as you can, even lifting weights if you are able. Just remember the concept of peripheralization and centralization. If your pain progresses from the area of the injury into your leg, then you need to stop that activity. If the pain remains constant or is progressing out of the leg, then continue with the activity as you are helping the body to heal.

Developing adequate strength in the lumbar extensor muscles and core musculature is the primary way to prevent initial episodes and to prevent reoccurring episodes of LBP. Research clearly indicates that the right targeted exercises are the most effective way to manage LBP.

Want to peek inside the video content? Watch now as I describe what really the “core” is and why it matters.

WATCH NOW

Posted on Wednesday, February 3, 2021

Why We Can Be Our Own Worst Enemy

I must warn you that this is not the typical post from me. All of the information is true and sadly, not exaggerated in any way. My hope in documenting this true account of events is that it will help others know how to better avoid injury. If you do develop an injury, then maybe some of my self-treatment strategies could be helpful.

What most people don’t know about me is that I have struggled with low back pain (LBP) for over 20 years. Early on, I had years of constant and chronic LBP. This pain helped drive me to seek out different self-treatment methods. I began to understand LBP along with the best practices on how to self-manage and most importantly, avoid future flare-ups. This has personally helped me manage my own pain while helping thousands of others either directly with physical therapy or by sharing my book, Treating Low Back Pain during Exercise and Athletics.

Even with all my diligent efforts (most of the time), the occasional LBP flare-up occurs. Unfortunately, the last incident was due to poor judgement on my part. In early November of last year, I had been sitting a lot while working on a few projects, and my back started to ache. It was mild at first. However, by mid-month, I could hardly get out of a chair and walk.

As a physical therapist (PT) that specializes in treating LBP, I should have known better, but I chose to do what most people do. I ignored it, and pressed on. I reminded myself that I’ve had this pain before, and it typically goes away. Right then, I didn’t have time to address it.

Monday morning rolled around, and I was scheduled for my 5 mile tempo run. As any runner or exercise enthusiast knows, if it’s scheduled, then it must be done (no matter what, right?). I was sure my back would loosen up as I ran. Often times, a warm up prior to running makes it feel better. (If I was being honest, the pain was pretty bad that particular morning. It was preventing me from sitting, getting out of my car, and even walking straight. Was that a good enough reason to cancel a run?)

I managed a short walking warm up since that was all I could muster and proceeded into a slow jog. About 2 miles into my jog, my right calf started to hurt. Why stop? I was sure it would all shake loose soon…

As mile 3 approached, I was falling apart. My back hurt to the point I couldn’t stand up straight. My right calf was completely locked up. It was giving me a sharp pain with every step. The bottom of my left foot started aching. I finally shut it down and limped home.

Later that day, my calf wasn’t any better (neither was my back), and now I had full on plantar fasciitis. Pretty good start to the week, but I got that run in. By the end of the day Monday (post run), I was miserable, but I didn’t dare tell anyone.

As a PT, I should have known better. I started to analyze exactly what was going on. For some reason, my disc bulges (a pre-existing problem at L4/L5 and L5/S1) had flared up for no apparent reason and were hurting terribly. My back pain had caused a left lateral shift in my spine, which meant I couldn’t stand normally. The nerve tightness down my left leg affected my walk, so I could not fully stride out.

In hindsight, my sad attempt at a run early that morning was actually a terrible idea! I had obviously been running with a poor gait pattern. This altered gait pattern with poor running mechanics resulted in a right calf strain and the development of plantar fasciitis in my left foot. (And this all started in 3 miles!)

My initial treatment was to determine my directional preference for my lumbar spine pain:

A directional preference is a way to identify a pattern to the pain. Does the pain get worse when you bend over or does it improve? What happens when you repeat this movement? Determine how your pain responds. If it spreads away from the spine and down into the leg, beware that you are moving in the wrong direction. Stop that particular movement, and instead try moving in the opposite direction. If you were moving into flexion, try extension. If you had trialed extension biased movements, try flexion. Find the movement pattern that helps the pain improve and that has a positive effect on any other symptoms you may be having.

I determined my directional preference. As I performed my series of movements, my symptoms were peripheralizing (returning back to the middle of my back to the point I could stand straight and walk normal).

After a series of 10 side glides followed by 10 press-ups (as demonstrated below), I could eliminate 75% of my LBP and symptoms as long as I didn’t sit. Sitting would immediately bring the pain back on. For the next several weeks, I avoided sitting at all costs including during dinner.

I also started back extensions over an exercise ball (3 sets of 15 repetitions as demonstrated below) every morning as part of a lumbar strengthening program. I chose back extensions to insure that I was working my lumbar extensor muscles. I kept my movement patterns within my directional preference. This was preceded by and followed by side glides and press-ups as well as continuing to avoiding sitting. I stopped running since I couldn’t fully walk or jog without an altered gait pattern.

For my calf, I started foam rolling and stretching regularly. I used a mobility band (as demonstrated below) as a way to provide compression while I performed heel raises (typically a set of 20-30 repetitions). Thankfully, I had the opportunity to trial a product that not only utilized the compression from the mobility band, but added a way to self-mobilize the calf. The CTM Band worked exceedingly well for this. (“CTM” stands for compression, tension, and movement.) Use code MTA15 for a 15% discount. (If you suffer from any form of blood clotting disorder or are on blood thinning medications, I would advise against utilizing mobility bands for any type of deep compression.)

For my plantar fasciitis, I also performed calf stretches as well as used a small ball (as demonstrated below on the left) to mobilize the bottom of my foot. Pain in the morning seemed to be the biggest issue, so I would sit up and stretch before getting out of bed (as demonstrated below on the right). By the end of the day, my foot would really start to hurt. Since I was unable to sit due to my back, I used a padded stool to kneel on whenever possible.

I continued this treatment plan for over 3 weeks. For the first 2 weeks, I was unable to run, so I concentrated on rehabilitation exercises only. During this time, I utilized a self-prescribed course of over-the-counter Ibuprofen (anti-inflammatory). I didn’t have any medical issues with taking this medication. Please consult your physician before taking any medications or supplements.

I also initiated a supplementation protocol consisting of adding collagen hydrolysate to my daily smoothie as well as taking CapraFlex by Mt. Capra. (It combines an organic glucosamine and chondroitin supplement with other natural herbs and enzymes which are designed to reduce inflammation, promote bone and joint healing, and wellness.)

This continued for approximately 4 weeks. The rationale behind the supplementation was to insure that my body had the necessary building blocks to heal and to provide additional anti-inflammatory support to my body during my recovery.

After 3 weeks, I returned to running for only shorter distances (under 5 miles). I was tapering back into other exercise routines with appropriate modifications which included increasing my warm up and cool down times and avoiding bending forward since I wasn’t 100% better.

The reason I chose to share my most recent LBP episode with you is because I have heard versions of this story over and over again from other runners, weekend warriors, and patients. We really can be our own worst enemy!

As a PT, I should have known better than to run that day. As a runner and weekend warrior, the feeling that it may be a “mortal” sin to miss a scheduled run or work out can be a powerful temptation to do it even though your body may be telling you to reconsider.

As any frequent exerciser knows, a few aches and pains is par for the course. In fact, it’s pretty normal! Oddly, I will have just as many if not more, aches and pains when I stop running and exercising as when I’m regularly training.

The moral of my story is a reminder to be very self-discerning and self-aware to understand what is a typical ache and pain versus something more serious. In my case, not being able to walk normally due to pain should have been a clue not to run abnormally either. My abnormal running pattern that day is what led to the overuse injuries in both my calf and foot. What was surprising even to me was how fast the pain developed and turned into a true overuse injury in only the course of 3 miles!

Treating low back pain does not need to be difficult or expensive. For the approximate price of just one co-pay to see a doctor, you will receive my easy to read book with step-by-step instructions and a complete video package designed to help you prevent and self-treat reoccurring low back pain episodes.

USE DISCOUNT CODE LBP AT CHECKOUT FOR 15% OFF!

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Posted on Wednesday, January 27, 2021

Why Does My Lower Back Hurt?

Have you ever wondered what exactly makes your back pain worse? Why does your back continue to hurt on and off again? Why does it seem to “act up” right at the wrong time? Is it something you are doing? Is there something seriously wrong? Is it just bad luck?

These are all fantastic questions. It’s time to answer the age old question as to why your back keeps hurting. Here are the top reasons why your back may be hurting and what to do about it.

The Top Reasons Why Your Back may be Hurting:

You smoke or vape.

Smoking is a major risk factor for low back pain (LBP). The chemicals in cigarette smoke affect both the lunges’ ability to exchange oxygen and the body’s normal healing response. These chemicals alter the blood supply to the discs and other spinal structures which affects nutrient exchange and increases the risk of pain. Healing time for all medical conditions worsen with smoking.

You’re biologically male.

Males have a higher risk of LBP. Females tend to experience more cervical or neck pain. (Obviously, you have very little control over this factor other than the knowledge that you’re at an increased risk if you are a male.)

It may be your parents’ fault.

A family history of low back pain increases your risk. In some cases, this may be due to actual structural deformities which may be genetically linked. More commonly, it’s a learned behavior, such as chronic sitting and slouching (poor posture), that can lead to a higher risk of LBP.

You’re pregnant.

Pregnancy increases your risk for LBP due to structural changes as the baby develops and hormones change. The expectant mother releases relaxin, a hormone which loosens the whole body, to prepare for the baby’s delivery. Again, a risk worth taking! Most women can manage the pain by modifying posture and movements while learning techniques for self-management.

You don’t exercise.

A sedentary lifestyle will increase your risk for LBP. The spine is designed to work and move. In order for the spine to remain healthy, it requires exercise and movement.

I WANT TO GET RID OF MY BACK PAIN NOW!

You sit for more than 2 hours a day.

Sitting for a long period of time not only affects your general health status in a negative way, but it also increases your risk for LBP. It’s even worse if you’re a heavy equipment operator who sits on a vibrating surface.

You have poor posture.

In western culture, we spend most of our day sitting slouched or standing hunched over. This is an excellent way to increase your risk for LBP. It’s one of the major risk factors for disc herniation and development of spinal stenosis.

You don’t warm up before exercise.

This is a common mistake which can lead to injury. Jump out of your bed in the morning without warming up, and then start your exercise routine. (Please don’t!) Instead, prepare your body for challenging activities in order to avoid injury. A warm up should consist of a cardiovascular component and a dynamic stretching routine of the actual exercises you will be performing to insure you’re ready for the movement. This is also pertinent for weightlifting and running.

You keep moving even when you’re exhausted.

This is a common problem among CrossFitters (including myself). Just keep pushing yourself even when you can’t see straight. Typically, this results in poor technique which further increases your risk. Combine poor technique with muscles which can no longer perform the proper movement pattern, and you’re likely to become injured. High Intensity Training (HIT) is a wonderful form of exercise and has many health benefits as long as you’re able to properly perform the exercise.

You’re using poor technique.

Poor technique, along with feeling exhausted, often occurs when performing exercises that are too advanced. Performing unfamiliar lifting techniques or lifting too much weight will likely result in poor technique. Please see your coach, athletic trainer or physical therapist for the proper technique for your activity of choice.

Your training volume is too high.

Who needs a rest day? ALL of us can benefit from taking a break. Training every day without regard to rest is an excellent way to cause over training syndrome and injury to your back.

You’ve experienced prior episodes of LBP.

Once you have experienced LBP, you are more likely to have re-current episodes. This may be the major reason why your low back pain re-occurs. This is partially due to weakness in the deep multifidus muscles that help support the spine and prevent shearing forces. This weakness can be addressed with proper physical therapy intervention. The loss of structural strength is the primary reason why your back pain continues to re-occur, and this can be changed.

Core strength does matter, but it is likely not what you think. Most people don’t quite understand the relationship between the “core” and lumbar stabilization. It’s way more than just doing sit-ups. In fact, sit-ups may actually make your back pain worse.

Low back pain is a serious and debilitating condition. It will either most certainly affect you or someone close to you. Be mindful of your risk factors and be pro-active in maintaining a healthy back! The good news is that nearly all low back pain is mechanical (meaning there is a physical reason for the pain). There are physical treatment options that not only can help you recover from the pain, but also to avoid re-occurring back pain!